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Mass Transport in Animals

AQA AS-level BiologyTopic 10 of 1427 lessons

Revision notes for Mass Transport in Animals in AQA Biology (7401). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.

  1. HaemoglobinHaemoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen when there is lots of oxygen available and releases oxygen when there is a low partial pressure of oxygen.
  2. Loading and Unloading OxygenThe role of haemoglobin is to transport oxygen.
  3. Different Types of HaemoglobinMany organisms have haemoglobin.
  4. Oxygen Dissociation CurveThe oxygen dissociation curve shows the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen in the environment and the percentage saturation of…
  5. Effect of Carbon DioxideThe haemoglobin dissociation curve is further to the right in the presence of carbon dioxide.
  6. Transport of OxygenAt the gas exchange surface the pH of blood is relatively high due to the low concentration of carbon dioxide.
  7. LugwormHaemoglobin from the marine invertebrate Arenicola marina (lugworm) is a large protein complex that can carry up to 156 oxygen molecules.
  8. LlamaLlamas are able to live at high altitude where atmospheric pressure is lower and the partial pressure of oxygen in the air is lower.
  9. Fetal HaemoglobinHuman fetal haemoglobin (Haemoglobin F) is the major haemoglobin in fetal red blood cells.
  10. MyoglobinMyoglobin is similar to haemoglobin but only has one polypeptide chain compared to four polypeptide chains in haemoglobin.
  11. The Need for a Transport SystemLarge multicellular organisms need a specialised transport system because simple diffusion is not fast enough to meet their metabolic needs.
  12. Features of a Transport SystemTransport systems of large animals have the following features: A fluid medium which could be liquid or gas to carry substances around.
  13. Circulatory SystemsInsects have an open circulatory system with blood circulating in large open spaces.
  14. Structure of the Human HeartThe human heart is made of left and right pumps.
  15. Coronary ArteriesHeart muscle is supplied with oxygenated blood by the coronary arteries which branch off the aorta shortly after it leaves the heart.
  16. Cardiovascular DiseaseSmoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and a poor diet increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
  17. The Cardiac CycleThe heart beats 60 to 70 times a minute.
  18. Valves and Control of Blood FlowBlood moves from a region of high pressure to low pressure.
  19. Pressure and Volume ChangesBlood is confined to blood vessels in a closed circulatory system.
  20. Cardiac OutputCardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle of the heart in one minute.
  21. Blood VesselsBlood vessels are a closed system of tubular vessels that contain blood and forms a branching network to distribute blood to all parts of the…
  22. ArteriesThe function of arteries is to transport blood rapidly under high pressure from the heart to the tissues.
  23. ArteriolesOxygenated blood is distributed throughout the body by arteries branching into sequentially smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries.
  24. Veins and VenulesVenules connect capillaries to larger veins.
  25. CapillariesCapillaries exchange metabolic materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and glucose between the blood and cells of the body.
  26. Tissue FluidTissue fluid is a watery liquid that contains glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, ions in a solution and oxygen.
  27. Return of Tissue Fluid to BloodThe loss of tissue fluid from the capillaries reduces the hydrostatic pressure inside them.

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