BRAINCAKERespiration
Revision notes for Respiration in OCR Biology A (H420). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Energy from Glucose.Glucose produced during photosynthesis contains energy absorbed from sunlight.
- GlycolysisGlucose is phosphorylated using ATP to form glucose-6- phosphate.
- PhosphorylationGlycolysis can be considered to be divided into three main steps.
- LysisLysis is the second stage of glycolysis.
- Substrate Level PhosphorylationSubstrate-level phosphorylation is the formation of ATP without the involvement of the electron transport chain.
- The Link ReactionPyruvate enters the mitochondria.
- The Krebs Cycle.The Krebs cycle also occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
- Oxidative PhosphorylationThe electron transport chain (ETC) is a group of protein complexes and mobile electron carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- ATP SynthaseThe production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy from the proton gradient across the inner membrane of the mitochondria is…
- Creatine PhosphateATP cannot be stored in the body but must be continuously generated.
- Anaerobic Respiration - Plants and Microorganisms.For glycolysis to continue NAD must be continuously regenerated so the hydrogen and electron must be released from reduced NAD i.e. reduced NAD must…
- Anaerobic Respiration - MammalsAnimals respire anaerobically as a means of overcoming a temporary shortage of oxygen.
- Respiratory SubstratesA respiratory substrate is any biological molecule that can be broken down in respiration to release energy and make ATP.
- Energy Values of Carbohydrates, Lipids and ProteinsDifferent respiratory substrates release different amounts of energy per gram.
- Respiration of LipidsLipids are respired when carbohydrate is in short supply.
- Respiration of ProteinsProteins are respired only when carbohydrate and lipid stores are low, for example during prolonged starvation.
- Respiratory QuotientThe respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced to the volume of oxygen used in respiration, in the same time…
- Calculating RQThe RQ of a substrate can be calculated from its balanced equation for aerobic respiration: RQ = molecules of CO2 produced ÷ molecules of O2 used…
- Measuring RQ with a RespirometerA respirometer measures the rate of oxygen uptake by small organisms such as germinating seeds or woodlice.
On the specification
- 5.2.2 Respiration