BRAINCAKEEnergy Values of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
Different respiratory substrates release different amounts of energy per gram. Typical mean energy values are:
• Carbohydrate: about 15.8 kJ g−1
• Lipid: about 39.4 kJ g−1
• Protein: about 17.0 kJ g−1
The key reason is the number of hydrogen atoms per molecule. Most ATP is made by oxidative phosphorylation, which depends on hydrogen atoms being carried by reduced NAD and reduced FAD to the electron transport chain. The hydrogen atoms provide the electrons and protons (H+) used in chemiosmosis, and finally combine with oxygen to form water.
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All 19 lessons in Respiration · All OCR A-level Biology topics