BRAINCAKEAmines, Amides, Amino Acids and Proteins
Revision notes for Amines, Amides, Amino Acids and Proteins in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- AminesAmines are organic compounds derived from ammonia, NH3, by replacing one or more of its hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups.
- Basicity of AminesAmines are Brønsted-Lowry bases: the lone pair on the nitrogen atom can accept a proton (H+).
- Preparation of Aliphatic AminesThere are two main ways to make aliphatic amines.
- Preparation of PhenylaminePhenylamine, C6H5NH2, is made in two stages from benzene.
- Reactions of Amines with Acids and Acyl ChloridesWith acids.
- Reactions of Amines with Copper(II) IonsAmines react with aqueous copper(II) ions in two different ways, depending on how much amine is added.
- AmidesAmides contain the functional group -CONH2: a carbonyl group bonded directly to a nitrogen atom.
- Condensation Polymers - PolyamidesPolyamides are condensation polymers in which the monomers are joined by amide links, -CONH-.
- Amino Acidsα-Amino acids contain an amine group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -COOH, both bonded to the same carbon atom (the α-carbon).
- Zwitterions and Isoelectric PointsAn amino acid contains an acidic group (-COOH) and a basic group (-NH2) in the same molecule.
- Peptides and ProteinsThe amine group of one amino acid can react with the carboxylic acid group of another in a condensation reaction, eliminating a molecule of water.
- Chromatography of Amino AcidsAfter a protein has been hydrolysed, the mixture of amino acids can be separated and identified by chromatography, usually paper chromatography or…