BRAINCAKEAmines, Amides, Amino Acids and Proteins
Revision notes for Amines, Amides, Amino Acids and Proteins in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- AminesAmines are organic compounds derived from ammonia, NH3, by replacing one or more of its hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups.
- Basicity of AminesAmines are Brønsted-Lowry bases: the lone pair on the nitrogen atom can accept a proton (H+).
- Preparation of Aliphatic AminesThere are two main ways to make aliphatic amines.
- Preparation of PhenylaminePhenylamine, C6H5NH2, is made in two stages from benzene.
- Reactions of Amines with Acids and Acyl ChloridesWith acids.
- Reactions of Amines with Copper(II) IonsAmines react with aqueous copper(II) ions in two different ways, depending on how much amine is added.
- AmidesAmides contain the functional group -CONH2: a carbonyl group bonded directly to a nitrogen atom.
- Condensation Polymers - PolyamidesPolyamides are condensation polymers in which the monomers are joined by amide links, -CONH-.
- Amino Acidsα-Amino acids contain an amine group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -COOH, both bonded to the same carbon atom (the α-carbon).
- Zwitterions and Isoelectric PointsAn amino acid contains an acidic group (-COOH) and a basic group (-NH2) in the same molecule.
- Peptides and ProteinsThe amine group of one amino acid can react with the carboxylic acid group of another in a condensation reaction, eliminating a molecule of water.
- Chromatography of Amino AcidsAfter a protein has been hydrolysed, the mixture of amino acids can be separated and identified by chromatography, usually paper chromatography or…
On the specification
- Topic 18B: Amines, amides, amino acids and proteins