BRAINCAKEOrganic Synthesis
Revision notes for Organic Synthesis in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Grignard ReagentsA Grignard reagent is an organomagnesium compound with the general formula RMgX, where R is an alkyl or aryl group and X is a halogen (usually Br or…
- Preparing Grignard ReagentsGrignard reagents are made by reacting a halogenoalkane (or halogenoarene) with magnesium metal in dry ether (ethoxyethane): CH3CH2Br + Mg →…
- Grignard Reagents and Carbon DioxideGrignard reagents react with carbon dioxide to make carboxylic acids.
- Grignard Reagents and Carbonyl CompoundsGrignard reagents react with aldehydes and ketones to form alcohols, with a new carbon-carbon bond.
- Organic SynthesisOrganic synthesis is the making of a particular compound, the target molecule, from available starting materials.
- Synthetic RoutesA synthetic route is a sequence of reactions that converts a starting material into a target.
- Practical Techniques - Heating under RefluxMany organic reactions are slow at room temperature, so the mixture must be heated for a long time.
- RecrystallisationRecrystallisation is the standard way to purify an impure organic solid.
- Melting and Boiling Point DeterminationOnce a product has been made and purified, its melting temperature (for a solid) or boiling temperature (for a liquid) is measured.
- Hazards and Risks in Organic SynthesisBefore any organic synthesis, a risk assessment is carried out.
- Planning a Multi-Step SynthesisWhen you are asked to plan a multi-step synthesis, a systematic approach helps.
On the specification
- Topic 18C: Organic Synthesis