BRAINCAKEOrganic Synthesis
Revision notes for Organic Synthesis in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- Grignard ReagentsA Grignard reagent is an organomagnesium compound with the general formula RMgX, where R is an alkyl or aryl group and X is a halogen (usually Br or…
- Preparing Grignard ReagentsGrignard reagents are made by reacting a halogenoalkane (or halogenoarene) with magnesium metal in dry ether (ethoxyethane): CH3CH2Br + Mg →…
- Grignard Reagents and Carbon DioxideGrignard reagents react with carbon dioxide to make carboxylic acids.
- Grignard Reagents and Carbonyl CompoundsGrignard reagents react with aldehydes and ketones to form alcohols, with a new carbon-carbon bond.
- Organic SynthesisOrganic synthesis is the making of a particular compound, the target molecule, from available starting materials.
- Synthetic RoutesA synthetic route is a sequence of reactions that converts a starting material into a target.
- Practical Techniques - Heating under RefluxMany organic reactions are slow at room temperature, so the mixture must be heated for a long time.
- RecrystallisationRecrystallisation is the standard way to purify an impure organic solid.
- Melting and Boiling Point DeterminationOnce a product has been made and purified, its melting temperature (for a solid) or boiling temperature (for a liquid) is measured.
- Hazards and Risks in Organic SynthesisBefore any organic synthesis, a risk assessment is carried out.
- Planning a Multi-Step SynthesisWhen you are asked to plan a multi-step synthesis, a systematic approach helps.