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Cell level systems

OCR GCSE BiologyTopic 1 of 622 lessons

Revision notes for Cell level systems in OCR Biology A (J247). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.

  1. Light microscopes and stainingA light microscope uses a lamp to shine light up through a specimen on the stage.
  2. Sub-cellular structures and their functionsAnimal and plant cells are eukaryotic.
  3. Electron microscopy and resolutionResolution is the smallest distance between two points at which they can still be seen as separate.
  4. DNA as a polymerDNA is the genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell.
  5. DNA double helixA DNA molecule is made of two strands that wind around each other.
  6. Nucleotides in DNADNA is made from small units called nucleotides.
  7. Protein synthesisProteins are made by following the instructions in a gene.
  8. DNA structure and proteinsThe order of the bases in a gene is a code.
  9. Investigating enzyme reactionsEnzymes can be investigated by measuring how fast a reaction goes.
  10. Mechanism of enzyme actionMetabolism is the name for all the chemical reactions that happen in a living cell, such as respiration and protein synthesis.
  11. Respiration as a universal processCellular respiration is the chemical process that releases energy from food molecules.
  12. Respiration as an exothermic reactionRespiration is an exothermic reaction.
  13. Aerobic and anaerobic respirationAerobic respiration needs oxygen.
  14. Sugars and carbohydratesA monomer is a small molecule that can join to many others of the same kind.
  15. Amino acids and proteinsProteins are polymers and their monomers are amino acids.
  16. Fatty acids, glycerol and lipidsLipids are fats and oils.
  17. Photosynthetic organisms as producersPhotosynthetic organisms are the main producers on Earth.
  18. The process of photosynthesisPhotosynthesis is the reaction in which plants and algae make glucose.
  19. Photosynthesis is endothermicAn endothermic reaction takes in energy from the surroundings.
  20. Investigating photosynthesisPlants store the glucose they make as starch, so a leaf that has been photosynthesising contains starch.
  21. Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesisThe rate of photosynthesis is how fast a plant makes glucose.
  22. Limiting factors and graphsAt any moment, the rate of photosynthesis is set by the factor that is in shortest supply.

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