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Health, disease and the development of medicines

Edexcel GCSE BiologyTopic 5 of 925 lessons

Revision notes for Health, disease and the development of medicines in Edexcel Biology (1BI0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.

  1. Health and the WHO definitionIt is easy to think that being healthy just means not being ill.
  2. Communicable and non-communicable diseasesDiseases can be sorted into two groups.
  3. One disease leading to anotherHaving one disease can make a person more likely to catch another.
  4. PathogensA pathogen is an organism that causes disease.
  5. Common infectionsEach pathogen causes its own disease.
  6. Spread and prevention of infectionsPathogens reach new hosts in different ways, and knowing the route tells us how to stop it.
  7. Lifecycle of a virus: lytic and lysogenic pathwaysA virus is not a cell.
  8. Sexually transmitted infections: chlamydia and HIVA sexually transmitted infection (STI) is an infection that is passed from one person to another during sexual contact.
  9. Plant defences: physical barriersPlants cannot run away from pests or pathogens, so they have defences.
  10. Plant defences: chemicals and medicinesPlants also defend themselves with chemicals.
  11. Detecting and identifying plant diseaseFarmers and scientists need to find plant disease early and work out what is causing it.
  12. Physical barriers and chemical defencesThe body has defences that stop pathogens getting in.
  13. The specific immune responseEvery pathogen has molecules on its surface called antigens.
  14. Immunisation, herd immunity and its pros and consImmunisation protects a person from a disease before they catch it.
  15. Advantages and disadvantages of immunisationImmunisation gives a person memory lymphocytes without making them ill.
  16. Antibiotics and aseptic techniqueAntibiotics are drugs that kill bacteria or stop them growing.
  17. Aseptic techniques in culturing microorganismsWhen microorganisms are cultured in a laboratory, the aim is to grow only the chosen microorganism.
  18. Core practical: effects of antiseptics, antibiotics and plant extracts on microbial culturesThis practical tests how well different substances stop bacteria growing.
  19. Cross-sectional areas of bacterial cultures and clear agar jellyWhen bacteria are grown on agar jelly in a Petri dish, a culture or a clear zone usually forms a circle.
  20. Developing new medicinesDeveloping a new medicine, including a new antibiotic, takes many years and has several stages.
  21. Production of monoclonal antibodiesAntibodies are made by white blood cells called lymphocytes.
  22. Uses of monoclonal antibodiesA monoclonal antibody binds to only one type of antigen, so it can be used to find or attack one specific molecule or cell.
  23. Causes of non-communicable diseasesA non-communicable disease cannot be passed from one person to another.
  24. Lifestyle factors and non-communicable diseasesLifestyle affects the risk of non-communicable disease.
  25. Treatments for cardiovascular diseaseTreatments for cardiovascular disease can be compared by how well they work, their risks, their cost and how long they last.

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