BRAINCAKEParticle model
Revision notes for Particle model in Edexcel Physics (1PH0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Kinetic theory and the states of matterThe kinetic theory model says that all matter is made of tiny particles that are always moving.
- DensityDensity tells you how much mass is packed into a given volume.
- Core Practical: Investigating densityIn this practical you find the density of a regular solid, an irregular solid and a liquid.
- Density and the states of matterThe density of a substance depends on how many particles there are in each cubic metre and on how closely they are packed.
- Changes of state and conservation of massA substance can change state by melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid), evaporating or boiling (liquid to gas), condensing (gas to…
- Heating and the energy stored in a systemThe particles in a system have energy in two stores.
- Specific heat capacity and specific latent heatWhen a substance is heated, the energy supplied can do one of two jobs.
- Calculating energy for a temperature changeWhen a substance is heated and its temperature rises, the change in thermal energy depends on three things: the mass, the specific heat capacity and…
- Calculating energy for a change of stateDuring a change of state the temperature does not change, so the equation uses the specific latent heat instead of a temperature change.
- Reducing unwanted energy transferHot objects and buildings transfer energy to their cooler surroundings by conduction, convection and radiation.
- Core practical: specific heat capacity of water and melting iceSpecific heat capacity of water.
- Gas pressure and particle motionThe particles in a gas are far apart and move randomly in all directions at high speed.
- Gas temperature, particle speed and pressureThe particles in a gas move randomly at high speed.
- Absolute zeroAs a gas is cooled, its particles move more and more slowly, and their kinetic energy falls.
- Kelvin and Celsius scalesThe Celsius scale is based on the freezing and boiling points of water.
- Compressing and expanding gasesA gas can be squashed into a smaller volume.
- Gas pressure and force on a surfaceThe particles of a gas move randomly at high speed.
- Volume and pressure of a gas at constant temperatureTake a fixed mass of gas in a sealed container at constant temperature.
- Pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperatureTake a fixed mass of gas and keep its temperature constant.
- Work done on a gas and its temperatureThe particles in a gas move randomly and each one has kinetic energy.