BRAINCAKEAnimal coordination, control and homeostasis
Revision notes for Animal coordination, control and homeostasis in Edexcel Combined Science (1SC0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Hormones, endocrine glands and target organsHormones are chemical messengers.
- Adrenalin and the fight or flight responseThe two adrenal glands sit above the kidneys.
- Thyroxine and negative feedbackThe thyroid gland makes thyroxine, a hormone that controls the body's metabolic rate, which is the rate of the chemical reactions in cells.
- The menstrual cycleThe menstrual cycle is a series of changes in the ovaries and the uterus that repeats about every 28 days.
- Hormones in the control of the menstrual cycleFour hormones control the menstrual cycle.
- Hormonal contraceptionHormonal contraceptives such as the combined pill contain oestrogen and progesterone, or progesterone alone.
- Evaluate hormonal and barrier methods of contraceptionContraception is any method that lowers the chance of pregnancy.
- Explain the use of hormones in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) including IVF and clomifene therapySome couples find it hard to conceive.
- Explain the importance of maintaining a constant internal environment in response to internal and external changeHomeostasis is the regulation of the conditions inside your body so that they stay within narrow limits, even when conditions inside or outside the…
- Explain how the hormone insulin controls blood glucose concentrationBlood glucose concentration must stay fairly constant, because cells need glucose for respiration.
- Explain how blood glucose concentration is regulated by glucagonInsulin lowers blood glucose, but the body also needs a way to raise it when it falls too low, for example between meals or during exercise.
- Explain the cause of type 1 diabetes and how it is controlledIn type 1 diabetes the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or none at all.
- Type 2 diabetes: cause and controlNormally the hormone insulin, made by the pancreas, tells body cells to take up glucose from the blood.
- Body mass, BMI and type 2 diabetesDoctors look for a correlation between body mass and type 2 diabetes.
- Exothermic changes and reactionsIn a chemical reaction, heat energy is often transferred between the reacting chemicals and their surroundings.
- Endothermic changes and reactionsAn endothermic change or reaction is one in which heat energy is taken in from the surroundings.
- Bond breaking and bond makingDuring a chemical reaction the bonds in the reactants are broken and new bonds are made to form the products.