Non-polar substances mostly dissolve in non-polar solvents and ionic or polar substances dissolve in polar solvents such as water.When ionic solids dissolve in water, the lattice breaks down and water molecules form ion-dipole bonds with the ions. If an ionic compound is soluble, the enthalpy of hydration is enough to provide the energy needed to dissociate the ionic lattice.
Simple alcohols are miscible with water because they form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.Water is a poor solvent for compounds such as halogenoalkanes, which are polar but cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
Methanol, CH3OH, is miscible with water in all proportions.Sodium chloride is much less soluble in methanol than in water.
Simple alcohols are miscible with water because they form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.Water is a poor solvent for compounds such as halogenoalkanes, which are polar but cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.Methanol, CH3OH, is miscible with water in all proportions.Sodium chloride is much less soluble in methanol than in water.