Anomalous Properties of Water

Hydrogen bonding in water causes it to have anomalous properties such as high melting and boiling points, high surface tension and a higher density in the liquid than the solid.Water has high melting and boiling points compared to molecules of comparable size due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the molecules in both ice and water.A lot of energy is required to separate the water molecules and melt or boil them.The H-O-H bond angle in water is 104.5° but in ice, this increases to closer to the undistorted tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5°.Ice has an open lattice structure due to hydrogen bonding so ice is less dense than water.