BRAINCAKEBonding, structure, and the properties of matter
Revision notes for Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter in AQA Combined Science: Trilogy (8464). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Chemical bondsAtoms in a substance are held together by strong chemical bonds.
- Ionic bondingWhen a metal atom reacts with a non-metal atom, electrons from the outer shell of the metal atom are transferred to the non-metal atom.
- Ionic compoundsAn ionic compound is a giant structure of ions, called a lattice.
- Covalent bondingWhen atoms share pairs of electrons, they form covalent bonds.
- Metallic bondingMetals consist of giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern, usually in layers.
- The three states of matterThe three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
- State symbolsIn a chemical equation, the state of each substance is shown by a state symbol written in brackets after its formula.
- Properties of ionic compoundsIonic compounds have a regular structure called a giant ionic lattice.
- Properties of small moleculesSubstances made of small molecules are usually gases or liquids.
- PolymersPolymers have very large molecules.
- Giant covalent structuresIn a giant covalent structure all of the atoms are linked to other atoms by strong covalent bonds, in a huge network.
- Properties of metals and alloysMetals have giant structures of atoms held together by strong metallic bonding.
- Metals as conductorsIn a metal, the outer electrons of the atoms are not held to one atom.
- DiamondDiamond is a form of carbon.
- GraphiteGraphite is another form of carbon.
- Graphene and fullerenesGraphene is a single layer of graphite.