BRAINCAKEBonding, structure, and the properties of matter
Revision notes for Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter in AQA Chemistry (8462). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Chemical bondsThere are three types of strong chemical bond: ionic, covalent and metallic.
- Ionic bondingWhen a metal atom reacts with a non-metal atom, electrons in the outer shell of the metal atom are transferred.
- Ionic compoundsAn ionic compound is a giant structure of ions.
- Covalent bondingWhen atoms share pairs of electrons, they form covalent bonds.
- Metallic bondingMetals consist of giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern.
- The three states of matterThe three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
- State symbolsChemical equations show the state of each substance using a state symbol in brackets after the formula.
- Properties of ionic compoundsIonic compounds have a regular structure called a giant ionic lattice.
- Properties of small moleculesSubstances made of small molecules are usually gases or liquids at room temperature.
- PolymersPolymers are substances with very large molecules.
- Giant covalent structuresGiant covalent structures are solids with very high melting points.
- Properties of metals and alloysMetals have giant structures of atoms held together by strong metallic bonding.
- Metals as conductorsMetals are good conductors of electricity.
- DiamondCarbon can form several different structures, and they have very different properties.
- GraphiteIn graphite, each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms.
- Graphene and fullerenesGraphene is a single layer of graphite, so it is only one atom thick.
- Sizes of particles and their propertiesNanoscience is the study of structures that are between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
- Uses of nanoparticlesNanoparticles have many applications.