BRAINCAKETransition Metals
Revision notes for Transition Metals in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Transition MetalsA transition metal is a metal that can form one or more stable ions with an incomplete d orbital.
- Properties of Transition MetalsTransition elements have Relatively high densities compared to group 1 and group 2 metals High melting and boiling points.
- Complex IonsA complex ion is a metal ion surrounded by co-ordinately bonded ligands.
- Shapes of complex ionsThe shapes of complex ions depend on: Co-ordination number or number of co-ordinate bonds formed with the metal ion Size of ligand Complex ions with…
- IsomerismComplex ions exhibit geometric isomerism and optical isomerism.
- Formation of Coloured IonsTransition elements with incomplete d subshells have electrons that are initially in the ground state occupying lower energy levels.
- SpectroscopyWhen electromagnetic radiation reacts with matter the effect depends on the frequency of the radiation Infra red radiation causes bonds to vibrate…
- Ligand Substitution ReactionsIf concentrated HCl is added to a solution of hexaaquacopper (II) ions the solution turns from blue to yellow.
- VanadiumVanadium has four stable ions in solution which exist in oxidation states +2, +3, +4 and +5. +5 VO2+(aq) yellow +4 VO2+(aq) blue +3 V3+(aq) green +2…
- Tollens ReagentSilver is most commonly found in the +1 oxidation state and is easily reduced to silver metal.
- Redox PotentialThe redox potential of a transition metal is a measure of how easily it can be reduced to a lower oxidation state.
- Redox TitrationsRedox titrations can be used to determine the concentration of a reagent.
- Heterogeneous CatalystsA heterogeneous catalyst is one that is in a different phase from the reactants.
- Homogeneous CatalystsHomogeneous catalysts are in the same physical state as the reactants.
- AutocatalysisThis occurs when one of the products of a reaction is also a catalyst for the reaction.
- Hydration of Metal IonsTransition metal 2+ ions form octahedral hexaaqua II complexes with water.
- Reaction with Ammonia SolutionAmmonia can act as both a ligand and a base.
- Reaction with Sodium HydroxideDeprotonation is a reaction in which a base removes a proton from a species.
- Reaction with Sodium CarbonateTransition metals 2+ ions react with sodium carbonate to give insoluble carbonates.
- Test for Transition Metal IonsIf sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution is added to complex ion with water ligands insoluble hydroxides are precipitated.
- QuestionsA 25.0cm3 sample of a 0.1moldm-3 solution of V3+ ions was placed in a conical flask and excess dilute sulfuric acid added.
On the specification
- Topic 15A: Principles of transition metal chemistry
- Topic 15B: Reactions of transition metal elements