BRAINCAKEAromatic Chemistry
Revision notes for Aromatic Chemistry in AQA Chemistry (7405). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- BenzeneBenzene, C6H6, is the simplest arene.
- The Kekulé ModelIn 1865 August Kekulé proposed that benzene is a ring of six carbon atoms joined by alternating single and double bonds, with one hydrogen on each…
- The Delocalised Model of BenzeneThe accepted model of benzene is the delocalised model.
- Evidence for Delocalisation - Enthalpy of HydrogenationEnthalpy changes of hydrogenation give strong numerical evidence that benzene is more stable than the Kekulé structure.
- Naming Aromatic CompoundsMost aromatic compounds are named as substituted benzenes: the substituent is written as a prefix in front of benzene. • C6H5Cl is chlorobenzene…
- Electrophilic SubstitutionBenzene's delocalised ring is a region of high electron density, so it attracts electrophiles.
- Nitration of BenzeneNitration puts a nitro group, NO2, onto a benzene ring.
- Mechanism of NitrationThe nitration of benzene follows the electrophilic substitution mechanism.
- Uses of NitrationNitration is an important step in making many useful compounds.
- Friedel-Crafts AcylationFriedel-Crafts acylation joins an acyl group, RCO, to a benzene ring.
- Mechanism of Friedel-Crafts AcylationFriedel-Crafts acylation follows the electrophilic substitution mechanism.