BRAINCAKECarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Revision notes for Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives in AQA Chemistry (7405). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group, COOH.
- Naming Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic acids are named with the suffix -oic acid, added to the stem for the longest carbon chain.
- Carboxylic Acids as Weak AcidsCarboxylic acids are weak acids: they only partially dissociate in water, releasing a small proportion of their H+ ions.
- Reaction with CarbonatesCarboxylic acids are strong enough acids to react with carbonates and hydrogencarbonates, forming a salt, water and carbon dioxide.
- EsterificationA carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and water.
- Naming EstersEsters have the functional group -COO- and the general formula RCOOR'.
- Uses of EstersEsters have many everyday uses.
- Hydrolysis of EstersHydrolysis of an ester means splitting it by reaction with water.
- Vegetable Oils and FatsVegetable oils and animal fats are esters of propane-1,2,3-triol, which is also called glycerol, CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH.
- Soap MakingSoap is made by the alkaline hydrolysis of vegetable oils and animal fats.
- BiodieselBiodiesel is a mixture of methyl esters of long-chain carboxylic acids.
- Acyl ChloridesAcyl chlorides are derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the OH group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.
- Acid AnhydridesAcid anhydrides are the other acylating agents in AQA's specification.
- Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination MechanismAcyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with nucleophiles by nucleophilic addition-elimination.
- Acylation of Water, Alcohols, Ammonia and AminesAcylation is the addition of an acyl group, RCO, to a molecule.
- Manufacture of AspirinAspirin is a painkiller made by acylating 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid).
On the specification
- 3.3.9.1 Carboxylic acids and esters
- 3.3.9.2 Acylation