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Nephrons

Bowman's capsule where ultrafiltration takes place
proximal convoluted tubule where water and other substances are selectively reabsorbed
Loop of Henlé where water is reabsorbed
distal convoluted tubule where more water is absorbed and the ion balance is regulated
collecting duct where water balance is finely regulated and urine passes to the ureter

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Specification: OCR Biology A (H420), A-level, 5.1.2 Excretion as an example of homeostatic control. Topic: Homeostasis.

Neurone: A specialised nerve cell adapted to transmit electrical impulses (nerve impulses) around the body.
Action potential: The temporary reversal of the electrical charge across an axon membrane, from about -70mV to +40mV, that occurs when a neurone is stimulated above threshold.
Depolarisation: A change in the potential difference across a membrane that makes the inside less negative, caused by an influx of sodium ions.
Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter released at cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions that causes depolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane.