BRAINCAKEParticle model
Revision notes for Particle model in Edexcel Combined Science (1SC0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Kinetic theory and the states of matterThe kinetic theory model says that all matter is made of tiny particles that are always moving.
- The density equationDensity tells you how much mass is packed into each cubic metre of a material.
- Core practical: the densities of solids and liquidsThe aim is to find the density of a regular solid, an irregular solid and a liquid.
- Density and the states of matterDensity depends on how many particles, and so how much mass, are packed into each cubic metre.
- Changes of state and conservation of massSubstances can change state in six ways.
- Heating, internal energy and changes of stateThe particles in a substance have kinetic energy because they move, and potential energy because of the forces between them.
- Specific heat capacity and specific latent heatWhen a substance is heated, the energy supplied can do one of two jobs.
- Calculating thermal energy changesThe energy needed to heat a substance depends on three things: how much of it there is, what it is made of, and how much its temperature must rise.
- Calculating energy for a change of stateWhen a substance melts or boils, energy is supplied but the temperature does not change.
- Reducing unwanted energy transferBuildings and containers lose thermal energy to colder surroundings by conduction, convection and radiation.
- Core practical: specific heat capacity of water and melting iceThis core practical has two parts.
- Gas pressure and particle motionThe particles in a gas move randomly at high speed.
- Gas temperature, particle speed and pressureThe particles in a gas move randomly at high speed.
- Absolute zeroAs a gas is cooled, its particles move more slowly and have less kinetic energy.
- Kelvin and Celsius scalesScientists measure temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) and also in kelvin (K).