BRAINCAKEPeriodicity
Revision notes for Periodicity in OCR Chemistry A (H032). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- The Periodic TableMendeleev arranged the (approx) 60 known elements in order of "atomic weight" in groups with similar properties and left gaps for undiscovered…
- Electron ConfigurationThe chemistry of each element is determined by its electron configuration, in particular, the number of electrons in the outermost (highest energy)…
- Ionisation EnergyThe first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms of an element to for, one mole…
- Successive Ionisation EnergiesSuccessive ionisation energies increase because the remaining electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus after each electron is lost and the nuclear…
- Trends in First Ionisation Energies Across a PeriodThere is a general increase in ionisation energy across a period.
- Trends in First Ionisation Energies Down a GroupThe first ionisation energy decreases down a group.
- Beryllium and BoronAlthough there is a general trend in first ionisation energies across a period, and the ionisation energy increases across the period, except from…
- Nitrogen and OxygenAlthough there is a general trend and the first ionisation energy increases across a period, the first ionisation energy falls from nitrogen to…
- Metallic BondingAll metals are solid at room temperature with the exception of mercury.
- Properties of MetalsMost metals have strong metallic bonds, high electrical conductivity in the solid and liquid states and high melting and boiling points.
- Giant Covalent StructuresMost non-metals exist as simple covalent molecules.
- DiamondDiamond is a giant structure of carbon atoms covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms.
- Graphite and GrapheneGraphite is a giant covalent structure.
- Periodic Trends in Melting PointsAcross periods 2 and 3, the melting point increases from groups 1 to 14 (4) then there is a sharp decrease in melting point between group 4 and 5.