BRAINCAKECarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Revision notes for Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group, COOH.
- Physical Properties of Carboxylic AcidsThe carboxyl group contains a polar C=O bond and a polar O-H bond, so carboxylic acids can form hydrogen bonds.
- Preparation of Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic acids can be made in two main ways.
- Reduction of Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols by lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III), LiAlH4.
- Reactions with BasesCarboxylic acids are weak acids, but they still react with bases to form salts called carboxylates.
- Reaction with PCl5Carboxylic acids react with phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl5, to form acyl chlorides.
- EsterificationEsterification is the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water.
- Acyl ChloridesAcyl chlorides are derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the OH group is replaced by a chlorine atom.
- Reactions of Acyl Chlorides with Water, Alcohols, Ammonia and AminesAcyl chlorides react rapidly at room temperature with nucleophiles that have a lone pair on an oxygen or nitrogen atom.
- EstersEsters contain the ester group, COO, in which a carbonyl carbon is bonded to an oxygen atom that is joined to another carbon.
- Hydrolysis of EstersHydrolysis of an ester uses water to split it back into a carboxylic acid (or its salt) and an alcohol.
- PolyestersA polyester is a condensation polymer in which the monomers are joined by ester links, COO.
On the specification
- Topic 17C: Carboxylic acids