BRAINCAKECarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Revision notes for Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group, COOH.
- Physical Properties of Carboxylic AcidsThe carboxyl group contains a polar C=O bond and a polar O-H bond, so carboxylic acids can form hydrogen bonds.
- Preparation of Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic acids can be made in two main ways.
- Reduction of Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols by lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III), LiAlH4.
- Reactions with BasesCarboxylic acids are weak acids, but they still react with bases to form salts called carboxylates.
- Reaction with PCl5Carboxylic acids react with phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl5, to form acyl chlorides.
- EsterificationEsterification is the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water.
- Acyl ChloridesAcyl chlorides are derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the OH group is replaced by a chlorine atom.
- Reactions of Acyl Chlorides with Water, Alcohols, Ammonia and AminesAcyl chlorides react rapidly at room temperature with nucleophiles that have a lone pair on an oxygen or nitrogen atom.
- EstersEsters contain the ester group, COO, in which a carbonyl carbon is bonded to an oxygen atom that is joined to another carbon.
- Hydrolysis of EstersHydrolysis of an ester uses water to split it back into a carboxylic acid (or its salt) and an alcohol.
- PolyestersA polyester is a condensation polymer in which the monomers are joined by ester links, COO.