BRAINCAKECarbonyl Compounds
Revision notes for Carbonyl Compounds in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- Aldehydes and KetonesAldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds: they contain the carbonyl group, C=O. • In an aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one…
- Naming Carbonyl CompoundsCarbonyl compounds are named using IUPAC rules, based on the longest carbon chain that contains the C=O group.
- Physical Properties of CarbonylsThe C=O bond in aldehydes and ketones is polar, because oxygen is much more electronegative than carbon.
- Oxidation of AldehydesThe key difference between aldehydes and ketones is that aldehydes are easily oxidised and ketones are not.
- Tollens' ReagentTollens' reagent is a mild oxidising agent used to distinguish aldehydes from ketones.
- Fehling's and Benedict's SolutionsFehling's solution and Benedict's solution are both blue, alkaline solutions containing copper(II) ions, Cu2+.
- Iodoform ReactionThe iodoform reaction (triiodomethane reaction) is a test for the methyl carbonyl group, CH3C=O, in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a methyl…
- 2,4-DNPH Test2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH, also called Brady's reagent) is used to test for the carbonyl group, C=O, in aldehydes and ketones.
- Reduction with LiAlH4Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols by lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III), LiAlH4 (lithium aluminium hydride).
- Reaction with HCNAldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide, HCN, to form hydroxynitriles.
- Nucleophilic Addition MechanismThe reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN in the presence of KCN is a nucleophilic addition.