BRAINCAKECarbonyl Compounds
Revision notes for Carbonyl Compounds in Edexcel Chemistry (9CH0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Aldehydes and KetonesAldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds: they contain the carbonyl group, C=O. • In an aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one…
- Naming Carbonyl CompoundsCarbonyl compounds are named using IUPAC rules, based on the longest carbon chain that contains the C=O group.
- Physical Properties of CarbonylsThe C=O bond in aldehydes and ketones is polar, because oxygen is much more electronegative than carbon.
- Oxidation of AldehydesThe key difference between aldehydes and ketones is that aldehydes are easily oxidised and ketones are not.
- Tollens' ReagentTollens' reagent is a mild oxidising agent used to distinguish aldehydes from ketones.
- Fehling's and Benedict's SolutionsFehling's solution and Benedict's solution are both blue, alkaline solutions containing copper(II) ions, Cu2+.
- Iodoform ReactionThe iodoform reaction (triiodomethane reaction) is a test for the methyl carbonyl group, CH3C=O, in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a methyl…
- 2,4-DNPH Test2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH, also called Brady's reagent) is used to test for the carbonyl group, C=O, in aldehydes and ketones.
- Reduction with LiAlH4Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols by lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III), LiAlH4 (lithium aluminium hydride).
- Reaction with HCNAldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide, HCN, to form hydroxynitriles.
- Nucleophilic Addition MechanismThe reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN in the presence of KCN is a nucleophilic addition.
On the specification
- Topic 17B: Carbonyl compounds