BRAINCAKEMutations
A mutation is a change in the genetic material of a cell. There are two broad types:
• gene mutations: a change in the base sequence of DNA within a gene
• chromosome mutations: a change in the structure or the number of chromosomes
Gene mutations mostly arise spontaneously during DNA replication, when a wrong base is inserted or bases are missed or added. The natural rate is low, but it is increased by mutagens, factors that damage DNA or interfere with copying:
• ionising radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, and ultraviolet light
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Key terms in this lesson
- allele
- One of the different forms of a gene, arising from mutation, that occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes.
More in DNA, Genes and Protein Synthesis
- rRNA
- Protein Synthesis
- Transcription
- Translation
- Polysomes
- Gene Mutation
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Chromosome Mutations
All 20 lessons in DNA, Genes and Protein Synthesis · All Edexcel AS-level Biology topics