BRAINCAKEDNA, Genes and Protein Synthesis
Revision notes for DNA, Genes and Protein Synthesis in AQA Biology (7401). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- GenesA gene is a length of DNA that contains coded information to make a polypeptide and functional RNA such as tRNA and ribosomal RNA.
- The Genetic CodeThe genetic code is a triplet code.
- Features of the Genetic CodeThe genetic code is information encoded within DNA used by living cells to make proteins.
- ChromosomesIn Eukaryotes, DNA is associated with and bound to proteins called histones.
- Homologous ChromosomesOrganisms that undergo sexual reproduction have one set of chromosomes contributed by each parent.
- AllelesAn allele is one of a number of alternative forms of a gene.
- The Human KaryotypeA karyotype is a complete set of chromosomes for an individual.
- Protein SynthesisThe sequence of nucleotides determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
- RNARNA is ribonucleic acid.
- mRNAmRNA is a long single strand of DNA arranged in a single helix.
- tRNAtRNA is a relatively small molecule of around 80 nucleotides that is a single strand folded into a clover leaf shape by hydrogen bonding between…
- TranscriptionProtein synthesis consists of two stages.
- Splicing pre-mRNAIn eukaryotes, transcription results in pre-MRNA with is a length of RNA with both non-coding and coding sequences.
- TranslationOnce the mRNA leaves the nucleus a ribosome attaches to the start codon (triplet of bases) which is always AUG.
- Cracking the DNA CodeScientists determined which codons coded for which amino acids.