BRAINCAKEDNA, Genes and Protein Synthesis
Revision notes for DNA, Genes and Protein Synthesis in AQA Biology (7401). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- GenesA gene is a length of DNA that contains coded information to make a polypeptide and functional RNA such as tRNA and ribosomal RNA.
- The Genetic CodeThe genetic code is a triplet code.
- Features of the Genetic CodeThe genetic code is information encoded within DNA used by living cells to make proteins.
- ChromosomesIn eukaryotes, DNA is associated with and bound to proteins called histones.
- Homologous ChromosomesOrganisms that undergo sexual reproduction have one set of chromosomes contributed by each parent.
- AllelesAn allele is one of a number of alternative forms of a gene.
- The Human KaryotypeA karyotype is a complete set of chromosomes for an individual.
- Protein SynthesisThe sequence of nucleotides determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
- RNARNA is ribonucleic acid.
- mRNAmRNA is a long single strand of RNA arranged in a single helix.
- tRNAtRNA is a relatively small molecule of around 80 nucleotides that is a single strand folded into a clover leaf shape by hydrogen bonding between…
- TranscriptionProtein synthesis consists of two stages.
- Splicing pre-mRNAIn eukaryotes, transcription results in pre-mRNA which is a length of RNA with both non-coding and coding sequences.
- TranslationOnce the mRNA leaves the nucleus a ribosome attaches to the start codon (triplet of bases) which is always AUG.
- Cracking the DNA CodeScientists determined which codons coded for which amino acids.
On the specification
- 3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
- 3.4.2 DNA and protein synthesis