BRAINCAKEProtein Synthesis
The sequence of nucleotides determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. The information for the amino acid sequence of the protein is in the DNA in the nucleus but protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm.
There are different types of RNA. mRNA is a single-stranded copy of the gene to be translated into a protein and ins made in the nucleus but leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores and is used in the cytoplasm.
mRNA carries the coded information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. tRNA helps to assemble the amino acids in the correct order.
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Key terms in this lesson
- covalent bond
- A strong chemical bond formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.
- hydrogen bond
- A weak electrostatic attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom on one polar molecule and a slightly negative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, on another.
- secondary structure
- The coiling or folding of a polypeptide chain, such as into an alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheet, caused by hydrogen bonding between peptide bonds.
- tertiary structure
- The further coiling and folding of a polypeptide into a specific three-dimensional shape, held by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges between R-groups.
- quaternary structure
- The structure formed when two or more polypeptide chains, and sometimes a non-protein prosthetic group, are held together to form a functional protein.
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