BRAINCAKESingle, Double and Triple Bonds
Pairs of electrons that are not involved in covalent bonding are called lone pairs.
Dot-and-cross diagrams can be used to show covalent bonding. Carbon forms 4 bonds as it is in group 4 and needs to share 4 electron to gain the electron configuration of neon. Nitrogen forms 3 bonds and oxygen forms two bonds as they are in group 6 and 7 respectively. Fluorine and hydrogen form 1 bond as only one additional electron is needed.
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Key terms in this lesson
- Ion
- A positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms, formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
- Electron shell
- A main energy level occupied by electrons, given a principal quantum number n, with n = 1 closest to and lowest in energy relative to the nucleus.
- Atomic orbital
- A region in space where there is a high probability (90-95%) of finding an electron.
- Covalent bond
- A strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
- Period
- A horizontal row of the periodic table, containing elements with the same number of electron shells.
More in Electrons and Bonding
- Electron Structure
- Filling of Orbitals and Electron Pairing
- Ionic Bonding
- Structure and Properties of Ionic Compounds
- Covalent Bonding
- Dative Covalent Bonds
All 7 lessons in Electrons and Bonding · All OCR AS-level Chemistry topics