Stem cells are cells that have not yet differentiated. They can divide by mitosis and can become specialised cell types. They are found in several places, not only in embryos.
In animals, stem cells are present in embryos and also in adults. Adult stem cells are found in tissues such as bone marrow. In plants, stem cells are found in meristems. Meristems are at the tips of roots and shoots, where the plant grows.
Plant stem cells can be used to make clones. In a cauliflower cloning demonstration, small pieces are cut from the plant using clean equipment. Each piece is placed on a sterile growth medium with nutrients and plant hormones. Each piece grows into a new plant that is genetically identical to the parent. Sterile technique is important, as microorganisms would grow on the medium and harm the new plants.
