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Water and Hydrogen Bonding

Water is a polar molecule.It is a covalent molecule with no overall charge but there is a slightly uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms. This makes the hydrogen atoms slightly positive and the oxygen atom slightly negative.Unlike charges attract so the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen atom of another water molecule will attract each other. The bond formed by this attraction is called a hydrogen bond.The hydrogen bonding in water molecules is responsible for its unusual properties such as a high specific heat capacity and a high latent heat of vaporisation, cohesion of the water molecules, a high surface tension and the anomalous expansion of water with temperature.

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Specification: AQA Biology (7401), AS-level, 3.1.7 Water. Topic: Nucleic Acids.

Key terms in this lesson

hydrogen bond
A weak electrostatic attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom on one polar molecule and a slightly negative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, on another.
specific heat capacity
The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
latent heat of vaporisation
The energy needed to evaporate 1 kg of a liquid without a change in temperature.
cohesion
The attraction between molecules of the same substance, in water caused by hydrogen bonding.

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