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Cytotoxic T-cells

Cytotoxic T cells (Tc) kill abnormal cells and cells that are infected with pathogens.Abnormal cells have abnormal antigens on the cell surface and infected cells will have become antigen-presenting cells and present fragments of foreign proteins on the cell surface.Cytotoxic T cells produce proteins called perforins which make holes in the cell surface membrane.The cell membrane becomes freely permeable to all substances and the cell dies as a result.The action of cytotoxic T cells is effective against viruses that replicate inside of cells. The cell is effectively sacrificed to prevent viruses from multiplying and infecting other cells.

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Specification: AQA Biology (7401), AS-level, 3.2.4 Cell recognition and the immune system. Topic: Cell Recognition and the Immune System.

Key terms in this lesson

pathogen
A microorganism, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus or protoctist, that causes disease.
antigen
A protein or glycoprotein, usually on a cell surface, that is recognised as foreign by the immune system and triggers an immune response.
T-lymphocyte
A type of white blood cell, matured in the thymus gland, responsible for the cell-mediated immune response.

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