BRAINCAKEGene Silencing
Gene silencing stops a gene being expressed, usually by preventing its mRNA from being translated into protein. The gene itself is not removed.
RNA interference (RNAi)
The main method is RNA interference, a natural process that cells use to control genes and to defend against viruses.
1. A double-stranded RNA molecule with the same sequence as part of the target gene is introduced into the cell.
2. An enzyme called Dicer cuts it into short pieces about 21 to 23 nucleotides long, called small interfering RNA (siRNA).
3. One strand of each siRNA joins a protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex).
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Key terms in this lesson
- microrna
- A short RNA molecule made by a cell's own genes that regulates gene expression, often by blocking translation of an mRNA.
More in Gene Technology
- Vectors
- Gene Guns
- Liposome Wrapping
- Microinjection
- Transgenic Plants
- Cloning Plants
- Genetic Modification of Crops
- Genetic Modification of Soya Bean
All 17 lessons in Gene Technology · All Edexcel A-level Biology topics