Nuclear equations show radioactive decay. Each particle is written with its mass number at the top and its atomic number at the bottom. The mass number is the number of protons plus neutrons and the atomic number is the number of protons, which gives the charge of the nucleus. An alpha particle is written 42He and a beta particle is written 0-1e.
In a balanced equation the total mass number is the same on both sides, and so is the total atomic number. Alpha decay takes away 4 from the mass number and 2 from the atomic number, so both the mass and the charge of the nucleus decrease. For example, a nucleus with mass number 226 and atomic number 88 that emits an alpha particle becomes a nucleus with mass number 222 and atomic number 86.
In beta decay a neutron turns into a proton, so the mass number does not change but the atomic number goes up by 1. For example, a nucleus with mass number 14 and atomic number 6 that emits a beta particle becomes a nucleus with mass number 14 and atomic number 7.
Emitting a gamma ray changes neither the mass nor the charge of the nucleus.