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Efficiency

Electrical energy efficiency is always less than 100% because components and devices waste energy as heat energy.
Efficiency = useful energy output
total energy input

Efficiency = useful power output
total power input
Devices transfer maximum power to a load when the load resistance of the component or device in question is equal to the internal resistance of the power source.

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Specification: Edexcel Physics (8PH0), AS-level, Topic 3: Electric Circuits. Topic: Electrical Circuits.

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