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Extracting metals and equilibria

Edexcel GCSE ChemistryTopic 4 of 917 lessons

Revision notes for Extracting metals and equilibria in Edexcel Chemistry (1CH0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.

  1. Reactivity of metals: water, acids and salt solutionsThe reactivity of a metal is how readily it reacts.
  2. Displacement reactions as redox reactionsWhen zinc is placed in copper sulfate solution, zinc displaces copper.
  3. The reactivity series and forming cationsThe reactivity series lists metals from most reactive to least reactive: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, (carbon), zinc, iron…
  4. Ores and where metals are foundThe Earth's crust contains many metals, but most of them are not found as pure metal.
  5. Oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygenOxidation is the gain of oxygen.
  6. Extraction of metals involves reduction of oresMany ores are metal oxides, which means the metal is combined with oxygen.
  7. Choosing an extraction method: carbon or electrolysisExtracting a metal from its ore is a reduction: the metal in the ore must lose its oxygen, or its ions must gain electrons.
  8. Biological methods of metal extractionTraditional extraction needs ores with a lot of metal in them and uses large amounts of energy.
  9. Resistance to oxidation and the reactivity seriesA metal is oxidised when it reacts with oxygen to form a metal oxide.
  10. The advantages of recycling metalsMetal ores are a finite resource.
  11. Life-cycle assessment of a productA life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a way of judging the effect of a product on the environment over its whole life.
  12. Evaluating life-cycle assessment dataTo evaluate an LCA you compare data for the same measures, such as energy use, water use, waste and carbon dioxide released, for each stage of the…
  13. Reversible reactions and the symbol ⇌In a reversible reaction the products can react to form the original reactants again.
  14. Dynamic equilibriumIf a reversible reaction takes place in a closed system, where nothing can enter or escape, it can reach a state called dynamic equilibrium.
  15. Making ammonia: a reversible reactionAmmonia is made from nitrogen and hydrogen.
  16. Conditions for the Haber processThe Haber process makes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.
  17. Predicting the position of equilibriumThe position of equilibrium tells you how much of the mixture is reactants and how much is products.

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