BRAINCAKEHeating under Reflux
Heating under reflux lets a reaction mixture be heated for a long time without losing volatile reactants or products. It is used for organic reactions that are slow at room temperature, such as oxidising a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid or hydrolysing a haloalkane.
Apparatus (Quickfit)
A round-bottomed or pear-shaped flask containing the reaction mixture and a few anti-bumping granules.
A Liebig condenser fitted vertically into the neck of the flask.
An electric heater (heating mantle) or water bath as the heat source.
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More in Organic Synthesis
- Distillation
- Using a Separating Funnel
- Drying an Organic Liquid
- Redistillation and Purification
- Identifying Functional Groups
- Two-Stage Synthetic Routes
- Predicting Properties from Functional Groups
All 8 lessons in Organic Synthesis · All OCR AS-level Chemistry topics