BRAINCAKEHalogenoalkanes
Revision notes for Halogenoalkanes in Edexcel Chemistry (8CH0). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- HalogenoalkanesHalogenoalkanes are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br or I).
- Naming HalogenoalkanesHalogenoalkanes are named from the parent alkane, with a prefix for each halogen: fluoro- chloro- bromo- iodo- Rules: 1.
- Classifying HalogenoalkanesHalogenoalkanes are classified by how many carbon atoms are bonded to the carbon that carries the halogen. • Primary (1°): the C-X carbon is bonded…
- Reactivity of HalogenoalkanesHalogenoalkanes react when a nucleophile attacks the δ+ carbon and the C-X bond breaks.
- Hydrolysis ReactionsHydrolysis is the breaking of a bond by reaction with water.
- Comparing the Rates of HydrolysisThe rates of hydrolysis of different halogenoalkanes can be compared using silver nitrate: the faster the halide ion is released, the sooner the…
- Nucleophilic SubstitutionIn nucleophilic substitution, a nucleophile attacks a halogenoalkane and replaces the halogen atom.
- Reaction with AlkaliHalogenoalkanes react with hydroxide ions from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, but the product depends on the solvent.
- Reaction with Aqueous AlkaliWhen a halogenoalkane is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, a nucleophilic substitution reaction produces an alcohol.
- Reaction with AmmoniaHalogenoalkanes react with ammonia by nucleophilic substitution to form primary amines, compounds containing the -NH2 group.
- Reaction with KCNHalogenoalkanes react with potassium cyanide, KCN, by nucleophilic substitution to form nitriles, compounds containing the -C≡N group.
On the specification
- Topic 6D: Halogenoalkanes