BRAINCAKEHalogenoalkanes
Revision notes for Halogenoalkanes in Edexcel Chemistry (8CH0). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- HalogenoalkanesHalogenoalkanes are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br or I).
- Naming HalogenoalkanesHalogenoalkanes are named from the parent alkane, with a prefix for each halogen: fluoro- chloro- bromo- iodo- Rules: 1.
- Classifying HalogenoalkanesHalogenoalkanes are classified by how many carbon atoms are bonded to the carbon that carries the halogen. • Primary (1°): the C-X carbon is bonded…
- Reactivity of HalogenoalkanesHalogenoalkanes react when a nucleophile attacks the δ+ carbon and the C-X bond breaks.
- Hydrolysis ReactionsHydrolysis is the breaking of a bond by reaction with water.
- Comparing the Rates of HydrolysisThe rates of hydrolysis of different halogenoalkanes can be compared using silver nitrate: the faster the halide ion is released, the sooner the…
- Nucleophilic SubstitutionIn nucleophilic substitution, a nucleophile attacks a halogenoalkane and replaces the halogen atom.
- Reaction with AlkaliHalogenoalkanes react with hydroxide ions from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, but the product depends on the solvent.
- Reaction with Aqueous AlkaliWhen a halogenoalkane is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, a nucleophilic substitution reaction produces an alcohol.
- Reaction with AmmoniaHalogenoalkanes react with ammonia by nucleophilic substitution to form primary amines, compounds containing the -NH2 group.
- Reaction with KCNHalogenoalkanes react with potassium cyanide, KCN, by nucleophilic substitution to form nitriles, compounds containing the -C≡N group.