The n+1 Rule

AQA A-level ChemistryNMR SpectroscopyLesson 10 of 11

The n+1 rule links the splitting of a ¹H NMR peak to its neighbours:

H atoms with n H atoms on the adjacent carbon(s) give a peak split into n + 1 lines

So:
• 0 adjacent H: singlet (1 line)
• 1 adjacent H: doublet (2 lines)
• 2 adjacent H: triplet (3 lines)
• 3 adjacent H: quartet (4 lines)

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