BRAINCAKE1H NMR Spectroscopy
1H NMR spectroscopy (proton NMR) detects the hydrogen nuclei in a molecule. Almost all hydrogen atoms are 1H, so the signals are strong.
As in 13C NMR, H atoms in the same environment give one peak, and H atoms in different environments give separate peaks. H atoms are equivalent if they are bonded to equivalent atoms in the molecule; for example, all three H atoms of a CH3 group are equivalent.
A 1H spectrum gives more information than a 13C spectrum:
• The number of peaks tells you the number of different H environments.
• The chemical shift of each peak (about 0 to 12 ppm) tells you the type of environment, for example H near an O atom or a C=O group. Use the data booklet.
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Key terms in this lesson
- integration trace
- A line on a 1H NMR spectrum whose step height over each peak is proportional to the number of H atoms in that environment.
- spin-spin splitting
- The splitting of an NMR peak into a multiplet caused by interaction with non-equivalent H atoms on adjacent carbon atoms.
More in NMR Spectroscopy
- The TMS Standard
- Deuterated Solvents
- 13C NMR Spectroscopy
- Interpreting 13C NMR Spectra
- Integration Traces
- Spin-Spin Splitting
- The n+1 Rule
- Interpreting 1H NMR Spectra
All 11 lessons in NMR Spectroscopy · All AQA A-level Chemistry topics