BRAINCAKEAmino Acids, Proteins and DNA
Revision notes for Amino Acids, Proteins and DNA in AQA Chemistry (7405). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Amino AcidsAn amino acid contains both an amine group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -COOH.
- ZwitterionsIn an amino acid the -COOH group is acidic and the -NH2 group is basic.
- Acid-Base Properties of Amino AcidsAmino acids are amphoteric: because they contain both an acidic group (-COOH) and a basic group (-NH2), they react with both acids and bases.
- Peptide LinksAmino acids join together by condensation reactions.
- Hydrolysis of ProteinsHydrolysis is the reverse of the condensation reaction that forms peptide links.
- Primary Structure of ProteinsThe primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids in its polypeptide chain(s), joined by peptide links.
- Secondary Structure of ProteinsThe secondary structure is the way a polypeptide chain coils or folds in regular patterns, held in place by hydrogen bonds between peptide links.
- Tertiary Structure of ProteinsThe tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape formed when the coiled or folded chain folds further.
- Enzymes and Stereospecific Active SitesEnzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.
- Drug Action and Enzyme InhibitorsMany drugs work as enzyme inhibitors.
- Structure of DNA NucleotidesDNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polymer made of monomers called nucleotides.
- Hydrogen Bonding between DNA BasesDNA consists of two strands twisted around each other to form a double helix.
- CisplatinCisplatin is an anticancer drug.
- How Cisplatin Prevents DNA ReplicationCisplatin kills cancer cells by binding to their DNA and stopping it from being copied.
- Side Effects of CisplatinCisplatin cannot tell the difference between the DNA of cancer cells and the DNA of healthy cells.
On the specification
- 3.3.13.1 Amino acids
- 3.3.13.2 Proteins
- 3.3.13.3 Enzymes
- 3.3.13.4 DNA
- 3.3.13.5 Action of anticancer drugs