BRAINCAKEInfection and response
Revision notes for Infection and response in AQA Biology (8461). Every lesson in BrainCake comes with R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps, a quick check and spaced reviews.
- Communicable (infectious) diseasesPathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease.
- Viral diseasesMeasles is a viral disease.
- Bacterial diseasesSalmonella food poisoning is spread by bacteria ingested in food, or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions.
- Fungal diseasesFungi can infect plants as well as animals.
- Protist diseasesThe pathogens that cause malaria are protists.
- Human defence systemsThe body has non-specific defence systems that work against all pathogens in the same way.
- VaccinationVaccination protects a person from a disease before they ever catch it.
- Antibiotics and painkillersAntibiotics, such as penicillin, are medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body.
- Discovery and development of drugsTraditionally, drugs were extracted from plants and microorganisms.
- Producing monoclonal antibodiesMonoclonal antibodies are antibodies made from a single clone of cells, so they are all identical.
- Uses of monoclonal antibodiesBecause a monoclonal antibody binds to one specific molecule, it can be used to find that molecule or to carry something to it.
- Detection and identification of plant diseasesPlants can be infected by viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens, and by insects.
- Plant defence responsesPlants cannot move away from danger, so they have defences that help them resist invasion by microorganisms and attack by animals.