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Glycolipids

Glycolipids are made from phospholipids covalently bonded to a carbohydrate chain.The carbohydrate chain is on the outside of the cell and can act as a cell-surface receptor or antigen.Glycolipids also help maintain the stability of the cell and can be used as cell adhesion molecules.Glycolipids are also important in cellular recognition.Cellular recognition helps immune cells distinguish between self and non-self (foreign) cells.
Glycolipids are lipids attached to a carbohydrate chain by a glycosidic (covalent) bond.Glycolipids are found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes, where they extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the extracellular environment.
The plasma membranes of animal cells contain glycolipids and cholesterol, which generally correspond to about 40% of the total lipid molecules.

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Specification: OCR Biology A (H020), AS-level, 2.1.5 Biological membranes. Topic: Plasma Membrane.

Key terms in this lesson

eukaryotic cell
A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, found in animals, plants, fungi and protoctists.
glycosidic bond
The covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction.
phospholipid bilayer
Two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged with hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing inwards, forming the basic structure of cell membranes.
antigen
A molecule, usually a protein, on the surface of a cell or pathogen that triggers an immune response.

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