Collagen is a fibrous protein that is found in tendons, bones, muscles, skin and blood vessel walls.It comprises three-quarters of the skin and a third of all the protein in the human body.The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids that gives rise to an unbranched polypeptide chain.Every third amino-acid is glycine. The other amino-acids are mostly proline, hydroxyproline and lysine.The secondary structure consists of a tightly wound molecule.The molecule has a tertiary structure; it is twisted into a second helix.The quaternary structure consists of three helices tightly wound round each other and cross-linked by lysine residues.Every third amino-acid is glycine to ensure the individual chains can get close to each other to be tightly wound.The ends are staggered to ensure that a line of weakness does not run through the molecule.
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Specification: AQA Biology (7401), AS-level, 3.1.4.1 General properties of proteins. Topic: Biological Molecules.
Key terms in this lesson
- primary structure
- The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
- secondary structure
- The coiling or folding of a polypeptide chain, such as into an alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheet, caused by hydrogen bonding between peptide bonds.
- tertiary structure
- The further coiling and folding of a polypeptide into a specific three-dimensional shape, held by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges between R-groups.
- quaternary structure
- The structure formed when two or more polypeptide chains, and sometimes a non-protein prosthetic group, are held together to form a functional protein.
- fibrous protein
- A protein made of long parallel polypeptide chains with cross links, usually insoluble and with a structural role.
More in Biological Molecules
- Amino-Acids
- Peptide Bond Formation
- Primary Structure
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
- Quaternary Structure
- Test for Proteins
- Globular and Fibrous Proteins
All 29 lessons in Biological Molecules · All AQA AS-level Biology topics