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Acyl Chlorides

Acyl chlorides are carboxylic acid derivatives. Ethanoyl chloride CH₃COCl can be prepared by reacting ethanoic acid with phosphorus V chloride - PCl₅, phosphorus III chloride - PCl₃ or thionyl chloride - SOCl₂. The acyl chloride can be separated by fractional distillation.PCl₅ + CH₃COOH → CH₃COCl + POCl₃ + HClSOCl₂ + CH₃COOH → CH₃COCl + SO₂ + HClPCl₃ + 3CH₃COOH → 3CH₃COCl + H₃PO₃Hydrolysis of acyl chlorides produces the corresponding carboxylic acid. The carbonyl group reacts with nucleophiles in an addition-elimination reaction.

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Specification: OCR Chemistry A (H432), A-level, 6.1.3 Carboxylic acids and esters. Topic: Carbonyl Compounds.

Key terms in this lesson

hydrolysis: The breaking of a covalent bond by reaction with water, or with hydroxide ions in alkaline hydrolysis.

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