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Skeletal FOrmula

A skeletal formula is the simplest way to draw an organic molecule. The carbon chain is shown as a zigzag of lines.Each end of a line and each point where lines meet represents a carbon atom. The carbon atoms are not labelled.Hydrogen atoms attached to carbon are not shown. Each carbon is assumed to have enough hydrogens to make four bonds.Functional groups and atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are drawn in. For example, butan-1-ol is drawn as a zigzag of four carbons with OH at one end. Any hydrogen attached to an atom other than carbon, such as the H in OH, is shown.Cyclohexane is drawn as a hexagon. Skeletal formulae are quick to draw and make large molecules easier to read.

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Read the text and highlight anything you think is important. When you go on, the text is hidden and you answer from memory.

Specification: AQA Chemistry (7404), AS-level, 3.3.1.1 Nomenclature. Topic: Organic Chemistry.

Key terms in this lesson

functional group
An atom or group of atoms responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a molecule.

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All 17 lessons in Organic Chemistry · All AQA AS-level Chemistry topics