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Hydration of Metal Ions

Transition metal 2+ ions form octahedral hexaaqua II complexes with water. Transition metal 3+ ions form hexaaqua 3+ ions in water. In both cases water forms six co-ordinate bonds with the central metal ion. Hexaaqua complexes are slightly acidic in water due to their dissociation of water molecules to release H+ ions.Due to the increased charge density of the Fe3+ ion, it is able to polarise the water molecule more thus dissociating it more easily. Transition metal 3+ ions form more acidic solutions than 2+ ions. They are smaller and have a higher charge therefore are more polarising.Further hydrolysis occurs until a precipitate is formed.

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Specification: OCR Chemistry A (H432), A-level, 5.3.1 Transition elements. Topic: Transition Metals.

Key terms in this lesson

co-ordinate bond
A covalent bond in which both shared electrons are supplied by one of the two bonding atoms. Also called a dative covalent bond.

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