Aldehydes and Ketones react with HCN to give hydroxynitriles. HCN is not used as it is an extremely poisonous gas. Instead KCN or sodium cyanide is acidified with a little sulfuric acid. The solution contains free cyanide ions and some hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from the reaction between the KCN and acid.The reaction is a nucleophilic addition. The CN- ion acts as the nucleophile and attacks the electron-deficient, slightly-positive carbon atom. A dative covalent bond is formed between the CN- and the carbon atom of the carbonyl group. The reaction is completed by the addition of a hydrogen atom from the acid, water or HCN molecule.
Reaction with Hydrogen Cyanide
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Specification: OCR Chemistry A (H432), A-level. Topic: Carbonyl Compounds.
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All 12 lessons in Carbonyl Compounds · All OCR A-level Chemistry topics