BRAINCAKEProtoplasm
Protoplasm is the living material of a cell: everything inside the cell surface membrane. It is made of two parts:
• the nucleus, whose contents are called the nucleoplasm
• the cytoplasm, which is everything outside the nucleus but inside the cell surface membrane, including the organelles
The cytoplasm itself consists of the organelles suspended in the cytosol, the fluid part. Cytosol is mostly water (about 70 to 90% of a cell's mass is water), containing dissolved ions, sugars, amino acids, ATP, nucleotides, enzymes and other proteins. It is not a simple liquid: the cytoskeleton runs through it, and it is often described as having a jelly-like consistency.
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Key terms in this lesson
- glycolysis
- The first stage of respiration, in which glucose is split into pyruvate in the cytoplasm, producing a small yield of ATP.
More in Eukaryotic Cells
- Phospholipid Bilayer
- Membrane Proteins
- Fluid Mosaic Model
- Eukaryotic Cells
- The Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Centrioles
- Cytoskeleton
All 30 lessons in Eukaryotic Cells · All Edexcel AS-level Biology topics