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Nephrons

Bowman's capsule where ultrafiltration takes place
proximal convoluted tubule where water and other substances are selectively reabsorbed
Loop of Henlé where water is reabsorbed
distal convoluted tubule where more water is absorbed and the ion balance is regulated
collecting duct where water balance is finely regulated and urine passes to the ureter

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Specification: AQA Biology (7402), A-level, 3.6.4.3 Control of blood water potential. Topic: Homeostasis.

heterozygous: Having two different alleles of a particular gene.
gel electrophoresis: A technique that separates DNA fragments (or other charged molecules) by size, by passing an electric current through a gel so that smaller fragments move further towards the anode.
restriction endonuclease: An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific base sequence (recognition site), used to cut out genes or produce DNA fragments for genetic engineering or profiling.
polymerase chain reaction: A technique for rapidly amplifying small amounts of DNA in vitro, using repeated cycles of denaturation, primer annealing and extension by a heat-stable DNA polymerase.