The energy transferred depends on how much charge moves and on the potential difference it moves through. The equation is: energy transferred (joule, J) = charge moved (coulomb, C) × potential difference (volt, V), or E = Q × V.
Worked example: 4 C of charge passes through a component with a potential difference of 9 V. The energy transferred is 4 × 9 = 36 J. If the potential difference stays the same and the charge doubles, the energy transferred doubles as well. If the charge is multiplied by 3, the energy is multiplied by 3 too.
The equation can be rearranged. The charge moved is the energy transferred divided by the potential difference, Q = E / V. For example, 60 J transferred at 12 V means the charge moved is 60 / 12 = 5 C. The potential difference is the energy transferred divided by the charge moved, V = E / Q.