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Halogenation of Benzene

Benzene will react with halogens in the presence of a halogen carrier. For the bromination of benzene FeBr3 or AlBr3 is used. For the chlorination of benzene, FeCl3 or AlCl3 can be used as a halogen carrier.Iron metal can also be used as it reacts with any chlorine or bromine present to form the iron (III) halide. Chlorine reacts with benzene in the presence of a halogen carrier at room temperature and pressure.The electrophile accepts a pair of electrons from the electron dense ring and forms a covalent bond. This intermediate is unstable as the delocalised ring is disrupted and loses a H+ ion to restore the stability.

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Specification: OCR Chemistry A (H432), A-level, 6.1.1 Aromatic compounds. Topic: Benzene.

Key terms in this lesson

electrophile
An atom or group of atoms that is electron deficient and can accept a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
halogenation
A reaction in which a halogen atom is substituted for a hydroxyl group or a hydrogen atom in a molecule.

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