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Equilibrium Reactions in Industry

Some industrial processes involve reversible reactions. It is important for the yield to be as high as possible. Le Chatelier's principle can be used to find the best conditions for a high yieldLow temperatures whilst they may improve the yield of exothermic reactions will mean the reaction progresses more slowly.High temperatures and pressures, although they may increase the yield, increase the cost of production.Usually a compromise temperature and pressure is used. Higher temperatures and catalysts increase the rate of reaction and the unreacted reactants can be recycled.
In reactions where more than one condition changes, it is difficult to predict whether the effect of changing e.g. the temperature or changing the pressure is greater.In addition, sometimes the qualitative predictions turn out to be incorrect.

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Specification: AQA Chemistry (7404), AS-level, 3.1.6.1 Chemical equilibria and Le Chatelier's principle. Topic: Equilibria.

Key terms in this lesson

Exothermic
Describes a reaction in which energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings, so the enthalpy change is negative.
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up, by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.
Le Chatelier's principle
The principle that when a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change, the system readjusts to minimise the effect of that change.

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