1913 Niels Bohr proposed that electrons orbit in shells at fixed distances from the nucleus and with fixed energies. 1926 Shroedinger worked out the mathematical equation that described the dual particle and wave properties of electrons.1932 Chadwick discovered the neutron. Lewis proposed that atoms were inert because they had full outer shells of electrons. Ions were formed when atoms gained or lost electrons and bonding occurred by the electrostatic attraction between ions or by the atoms sharing electrons. Currently electrons are considered as a charge cloud occupying a particular volume in space having a particular shape.
Electrons
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Specification: AQA Chemistry (7404), AS-level, 3.1.1.1 Fundamental particles and 3.1.1.3 Electron configuration. Topic: Atomic Structure.
More in Atomic Structure
- Relative Mass and Relative Charge
- Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Isotopes
- Isotopes of Carbon
- Electron Shells
- The Mass Spectrometer
- Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer
- Mass Spectra of Elements
All 22 lessons in Atomic Structure · All AQA AS-level Chemistry topics